Study on Enhancing Architecture Appreciation

Study on Enhancing Architecture Appreciation Frank Lloyd Wright believed space was the essence of architecture. The reality of architecture is actually not in the solid elements that seem to make it, but rather the reality of a room was to be found in the space enclosed by the roof and walls, not in the roof and walls themselves. Spaces have intrinsic meanings that result from their spatial and visible forms and extrinsic meanings that evolved out from each of our different experiences with regards to each individuals own background and profession. We experience the spaces interior space in terms of their form, their structure, their aesthetics and how others and us relate to them. This constitutes the reality of our physical experience, but spaces not only have an existence in reality, they also have a metaphorical existence. They express meaning and give out certain messages about the space, just as the way we dress or furnish our homes gives people certain messages about us. They tell stories, for their forms and space plan ning give us hints about how they should be experienced or perceived. Space is meaningless without its inhabitants to experience it and to experience a space is the only gateway to understanding space. At certain periods architects have chosen to create exciting, complex spaces with curving, undulating walls. The period of the baroque and rococo in Europe was one such time when interiors were designed to entice and captivate the onlooker and draw them into a world of illusion created through painting, sculpture and the curving forms of architecture. Craftsman played the prominent role at that time when only good workmanship and complicated work pieces would amaze anyone. Now in this totally new era, right here in this century, wonders are different and expectations higher with meanings and philosophy equally deep but entirely unlike. The heightening desire and importance of communication among the space and the perceiver with the spatial experience created seem to become a dominating factor and a characteristic of spatial design in this new era. If architecture can be said to have a poetic meaning, we must recognise that what it says is not independent of what it is. (Alberto Pà ©rez-Gà ³mez, The Space of Architecture: Meaning as Presence and Representation, Questions of Perception: Phenomenology of Architecture, 2006) Architecture is not an experience that words can translate later. Like the poem itself, it is its space as presence which constitutes the meaning and the experience. This experience in turn differs for every individual. What one perceives is a result of interplays between past experiences, including ones culture and the interpretation of the perceived. Different aspects of the experiential spaces and the perceiver also ignite different spatial perceptions. Understanding the different experiential components, the philosophy of perception and how spatial perception affects and reflects people differently helps us to enhance our appreciation for architecture and to heighten our enjoyment of space. My aim in this paper is to explore this hypothesis and my exposition will be presented and discussed in the following thesis. Categories of different experiential components Spatial experience created is the most complex and diverse of all the components of architecture, for it involves how architecture engages all of our senses, how it shapes our perception and enjoyment or discomfort of our built environment. Understanding this is perhaps the area with which most people, architects and users alike, have difficulty. This is partly because it involves, at every turn, subjective responses which differ from individual to individual. Since the spatial experience we derive from architecture is generated by our perception of it, we must start by considering how the human eye and mind receive and interpret the visual data of architectural experience. How does the psychology of vision and sensory stimulation affect our perception of architecture? Perhaps the most fundamental concept is that the mind, particularly the human mind, is programmed to seek meaning and significance in all sensory information sent to it. The result is that the mind seeks to place all information fed to it into a meaningful pattern. The mind does not recognise that incoming data mean nothing. Even purely random visual or aural phenomena are given a preliminary interpretation by the mind on the basis of what evaluative information it already has stored away. Hence, what we perceive is based on what we already know- our knowledge. Our perception of space also differs from individual to individual, based on the persons psychology, mentality, phy sical state, background, memory, observation and the overall environment together with time Era and Culture. The spatial experience of architectural spaces evolves and becomes established by the experience it provides and we in turn read our experience into it. Experiential spaces evoke an empathetic reaction in us through these projected experiences and the strength of these reactions is determined by our culture, our beliefs and our expectations. We can relate so well to these spaces is because we have strong feelings about our environment and about what we like and dislike. We all have our preferences and prejudices regarding certain spaces as in anything else and our experiences in these spaces determine our attitude towards that space. People looking at pictures have a remarkable ability to enter a role which seems very foreign to them. This can be interpreted into how these experiential spaces play an important role in affecting our mood and behaviour. When we enter these emotive spaces, we are tuned in to the frequency of the space, going through all the emotional processes with it. Architects and designers manipulate space of many kinds: There is first the purely physical space. One cannot see let alone touch space! Yet something that is invisible and untouchable has to be there, just to keep objects apart. This can be easily computed and expressed as how many cubic feet or cubic meters. But there is also perceptual space, the space that can be perceived or seen. To understand this, an example will be in a building with walls of glass, this perceptual space may be extensive and impossible to quantify. Related to perceptual space is conceptual space, which can be defined as the mental map we carry around in our heads, the plan stored in our memory. Concepts that work well are those that users can grasp easily in their minds eye and in which they can perceive with a kind of inevitability. Such spaces can be said to have good conceptual space. The architect also shapes behavioural space, or the space we can actually move through and use. Architecture space is a powerful shaper of behaviour. Winston Churchill said We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us. One very good example to support this statement is the Houses of Parliament in Germany. When Parliament first begun to meet in the thirteenth century, it had been given the use of rooms in the palace and had later on moved into the palace chapel. A typical narrow and tall Gothic chapel with parallel rows of choir stalls on two sides of the aisle down the center. The members of Parliament sat in the stalls, dividing themselves into two distinctive groups, one the government in power and the other usually the opposition members. During Parliament meetings, members from both parties have to take the brave step of crossing the aisle to change political allegiance. In my opinion, this enforced behaviour has a negative impact on the overall operation of the government bodies as this form of meetings unintentionally made politicians from both sides to feel and sense hostility and unconsciously insinuated the perception of challenge. When the Houses of Parliament had to be rebuilt after a fire in 1834, the Gothic form was followed but Churchill argued that the rebuilding of the Parliament ought to be done with a fan of seats in a broad semicircle, as used in legislative chambers in the United States and France. To change the environment, to give it a different behavioural space, would change the very nature of parliamentary operation. The English had first shaped their architecture, and then that architecture had shaped English government and history. Through Churchills persuasion, the Houses of Parliament were rebuilt with the revised layout. Space can determine or suggest patterns of behaviour and perceptions by its very configuration. There is yet another way of determining spatial experience, and although it is not strictly architectural, architects and designers nevertheless must take it into account. This is personal space, the distance that members of the same species put between themselves. For most animals, this zone of comfort is genetically programmed. However humans have proved themselves to be extremely flexible in their determination of personal space; they seem not to have any programmed genetic spatial code. Instead, humans personal space is culturally determined and is fixed in childhood, so that enforced changes in personal distance later in life which they experience in different spaces may produce different perceptions and emotions. The Italians and the French prefer much more densely packed arrangements in their cafes, compared to the English. Even in the same culture, different sets of rules and factors determining experiences are adopted by men and women. Two unacquainted men will maintain a gr eater distance than two unacquainted women. If an architect or designer violates these unstated rules of personal space and places people in a space that is not catered to these needs, the result may prove to be an environment that is resisted by the users with negative perceptions and responses that follows. Philosophy of Perception Categories of different Perception Historically, the most important philosophical problem posed by perception is the question of how we can gain knowledge via Perception. The philosophy of perception concerns how mental processes the space and the spatial perception depends on how spaces are observed and interpreted by the perceiver. In order to grasp this, we need to understand the different categories of spatial perception. We can categorize perception into 4 categories: Just as one object can give rise to multiple percepts, so an object may fail to give rise to any percept at all. If the percept has no grounding in a persons past experience, the person may literally not perceive it. No perception occurs. Specifications are 1:1 mappings of some aspects of the world into a perceptual array; given such a mapping, no enrichment or experience is required and this perception is called direct perception. This is usually knowledge or information gained through education or other mediums like books, television programmes etc. Direct perception occurs when information from the environment received by our sense organs forms the basis of perceptual experience and these sensory inputs are converted into perceptions of desks and computers, flowers and buildings, cars and planes etc. Some argue that perceptual processes are not direct, but depend on the perceivers expectations and previous knowledge as well as the information available. This controversy is discussed with respect to James J. Gibson (1966) who investigated what information is actually presented to the perceptual systems. This theory of perception is a bottom-up theory and this bottom up processing is also known as data-driven processing or passive perception. Processing is carried out in one direction from the environment to the sensory inputs, with our brains carrying out more complex analysis of the inputs which affects our reaction or behaviour. Passive perception can be surmised as the following sequence of events as: Surrounding input (senses) processing (brain) output (reaction/behaviour) For Gibson: sensation is perception: what you see is what you get. However, this theory cannot explain why perceptions are sometimes inaccurate, example in illusions and perceptual errors like overestimation. Although still supported by main stream philosophers and psychologists, this theory is nowadays losing momentum as more and more people turn to believe in the next one Active Perception instead. The theory of active perception has emerged from extensive research, most notably the works of Richard L. Gregory (1970). This theory is increasingly gaining experimental support. Gregory argued that active perception is a constructivist (indirect) theory of perception which is a top-down theory. Top down processing refers to the use of contextual information in pattern recognition. One simple example to explain this: understanding difficult handwriting is easier when reading complete sentences than when reading single and isolated words. This is because the meanings of the surrounding words provide a context to aid understanding. For Gregory, perception involves making inferences about what we see and trying to make a best guess. Prior knowledge and past experience, he argued are crucial in perception. Thus, active perception can be surmised as a dynamic relationship between Description (in the brain) and the senses and the surrounding, all of which holds true to the linear concept of experience. What one perceives is a result of interplays between ones past experiences and knowledge (the brain) and the surrounding, including ones senses and the interpretation of the perceived space (surrounding). A lot of information reaches the eye, but much is lost by the time it reaches the brain. Therefore the brain has to guess what a person sees based on past experiences. According to Richard Gregory, we actively construct our perception of reality. Our perceptions of the world are hypotheses based on our past experiences and stored information. How Spatial Perception reflects Being The different ways in which we experience a painting, a sculpture, or a work of architecture reflects on each of our individual being. Our environments ( built environments ) are a reflection of ourselves. Architecture should express our aspirations and our sense of optimism about the future. Nothing can possibly show us better or clearer of our innermost self, BEING, other than the very own living space we create. It shows how we want things to be and what we really want in life- freedom, happiness, power, health, luck, love, etc which reveal our characteristics, attitude and most importantly our being. It is also used to express emotions and symbolise ideas that give out certain messages about the owner. What is happening above is actually personalising your own space. This has two meanings to it: One is to personalise it and the other is to personify it. The latter is the main point in this whole essay, the living space representing the person who created it with a hint of the creators being in every corner of the space. This is why we can relate better to our own houses (personal space) than the outside world. But all in all to personalise the space, you personify it and to personify it, what you are doing is simply personalising that living space of yours. This is crucial in understanding the spaces created, the reasons for creating these spaces and how others perceive these spaces (personifying it). This same conception is expressed in Greek columns by a slight outward curvature of profile, the entasis which gives an impression of straining muscles a surprising thing to find in a rigid and unresponsive pillar of stone. This is exactly what happens when we are personifying our own personal space. To personify a thing or the entire space so that it overflows with your being, so that it tastes, smells and feels like you, is so amazingly overpowering over a person who owns it personally. None other than the owner can feel the sense of belonging and comfort created in that amount of space. You own that space and it completely belongs to you, you can even see yourself in that space, you are the space and the space is you. Even civilized people more or less consciously treat lifeless things as though they were imbued with life. Designing one selfs own space to make sure it is unique and truly belongs to you depends very much on your background, interests and expertise. This will make it special and personalised to the person with regards to his or her living space. But nowadays architecture designs are restricted by so call Style and Taste Superficial Cosmetic Professor Colin Stansfield Smith. This problem shows not only how things should be built but also what should be built. Today, in our highly civilized society the houses which ordinary people are doomed to live in and gaze upon are on the whole without quality. This is also why some important buildings are Monuments; some are considered Architecture while others are simply termed buildings. In order to prevent this from happening, we need to have an understanding of the living space. Understanding Living Space does not only mean the way it looks or its construction and materials. Understanding architecture does not mean just the way they look but the creative process of how the building comes into existence and how space is utlized. ¹ We need to visit buildings, look at the processes whereby it came into being, the sense of form, space, light and shade, the size and shape of spaces, the relationship between spaces and how space is utilised. We are looking at the Interior Beings. You must observe how it was designed for a special purpose and how it was attuned to the entire concept and rhythm of a specific era. Architecture provides the physical framework for our lives, so it has a public role a social responsibility. But it is also where we live, work and play, so it has a private role. It has a material form, but it also represents our ideals and aspirations. Consciously or unconsciously everyone is affected by his or her environment. He experiences the house in its reality and in its virtuality, by means of thought and dreams. This can be further explained by using an example. When we look at a portrait of someone laughing or smiling we become cheerful ourselves. If on the other hand, the face is tragic, we feel sad. People looking at pictures have a remarkable ability to enter a role which seems very foreign to them. ¹ This can be interpreted into how architecture plays a vital role in affecting our mood and behaviour. Buildings have their own characteristics and emotions, some buildings are feminine and some are masculine, some buildings are joyous and some are solemn. When we enter these emotive spaces, we are tuned in to the frequency of the buildings, going through all the emotional processes with the architecture. We get to the point where we cannot describe our impressions of an object without treating it as a living thing with its own physiognomy. ¹ This is exceptionally true with architecture as such animation of a building makes it easier to experience its architecture rather than as the addition of many separate technological details. Instead of using professional jargons (architectural vocabulary) that most people do not understand or could not fully understand, causing misunderstanding and confusion when perceiving space, using metaphors to convey certain ideas is so much easier and understandable by people from all professions and social levels. That is one of the many reasons why people like to personify spaces literally. Architecture should be appreciated by everyone from everywhere, which is also another crucial criteria for good architecture as it has a social responsibility once it is erected on the ground. Spatial Perception in the context of ART Whether architecture makes an impression on the observer and what impression it makes, depends not only on the architecture itself but to great extent on the observers susceptibility, his mentality, his education and his entire environment. It also depends on the mood he is in at the moment he is experiencing the architecture. We all have our preferences and prejudices in architecture as in anything else and our experiences determine our attitude towards it. This can be interpreted in the same way like above. The same painting can affect us very differently at different times and that is why it is always so exciting to return to a piece of art work we have seen before to find out whether we still react to it in the same way. This proves that a single building or a specific space can affect us differently, gives us a different feeling each time we experience it again and again. What do you get when you put Art and Building together? Architecture. What do you get when you put Living Space and Architecture together? Living Sculpture. Architecture has been understood as the art of establishing place by bounding space. To distinguish between arts of space and arts of time, between formative and expressive arts, and therefore also between arts of presence and arts of absence. Painting, sculpture and architecture are included among the former, poetry and music among the latter. The most dominant similarity between art and architecture is Art should not be explained; it must be experienced. Architecture is not just simply looking at plans, elevations and sections, there is something more to it it must be experienced, just like art. No photograph, film or video can reproduce the sense of form, space, light and shade, solidity and weight that is gained from visiting buildings. It is not enough to see architecture; you must experience it. You must dwell in the rooms, feel how they close about you and observe how you are naturally led from one room to the other. The most dominant difference between art and architecture is An architect works with forms and mass just as the sculptor does, but his is a functional art. It solves practical problems. In other words, the former has a decisive factor to it: Utility. Indeed, one of the proofs of / criteria for good architecture is that it is being utilized and perceived as the architect or designer had planned, even after a long period of time. We stand before a picture; most sculptures invite us to change our position, perhaps even to walk around them; architecture not only invites us to change our position, but to enter and move around within it. Generalizing, we can say that body and body awareness become more important as we turn from painting to sculpture to architecture. Our experience of sculpture involves the body in a more obvious way than does painting; most sculpture invites us to explore it by moving past it. Robert Morris celebrates the observers relationship to sculpture; his works let observers recognize that they themselves are establishing relationships as they apprehend the object from various positions and under varying conditions of light and spatial context. In a more obvious way, architecture is experienced by the moving body: we approach a building, walk by or around it and perhaps enter it. Architecture is the art into which we walk; it is the art that envelops us. As noted, painters and sculptors af fect our senses and perception by creating changes in patterns, and in proportional relationships between shapes, through the manipulation of light and colour, but only architects shape the space in which we live and through which we move. Architecture Appreciation through Perception Architectural spaces are more than just a stage of our lives; they also reflect the society, the image of an era and most importantly the culture. Therefore the spatial experience provided has become an important factor in the communication of the architecture and the perceiver. The virtue of a successful architecture is based on the language of the experience provided rather than the form itself, which mediated between the perceiver and the space. A successful architecture is also capable of transmitting the philosophy and concepts that the space wants to convey and the experience the space provides is vital in terms of introducing the perceiver to the personality of the space. The spatial experience should be something to be enjoyed and shared by the majority of people. If it is shared more widely because more people understand it, take it seriously; chances are the space has being perceived and appreciated by the public and fulfilled its social responsibility. Enjoyment of space and form is a birthright. This enjoyment can be heightened in two basic ways: through the thoughtful design of buildings and related spaces and through the users development of awareness and perception of architecture. Architecture can be important to the enrichment of life. And after so many years, architects and designers are still learning how users interact with space and form and how skilfully designed space and form respond to human needs. Scenario: Two men attend a concert. One studied music. Has a trained ear. Spent years developing a high degree of music appreciation. Loves great works of great composers. This concert is heaven to him. To the other man, the concert is a bore. He has had little exposure to serious music. No real knowledge of music. Never learned to listen and does not even know that he has been deprived of the pleasure of fine music. He can hardly wait until the concert is over During intermission, the same two people react very differently as they walk around and within the concert building experiencing its space and form. Now the music lover is bored. He knows almost nothing about buildings. He is visually illiterate. The other person, however, has spent years developing an appreciation of buildings. He has a trained eye. He derives pleasure from the quality of space and form of the great hall. He is stirred to maximum enjoyment. To him, architecture is visual music. The term architecture appreciation is used to promote the idea that architecture can be enjoyed, much as the performing or visual arts, physically through the senses. Architecture appreciation, like music appreciation or art appreciation is learned. In music, it is learning how to hear. In art, how to see. In the case of architecture, it is learning how to perceive. Enjoying buildings requires some knowledge and some practice in perceiving space and form. You need to know something about buildings, you need to hone your awareness and you need to know something about yourself too. How do you respond to space and form? Architecture is a personal, enjoyable, necessary experience. A person perceives and appreciates space and form from three distinctly different but interrelated attitudes: from the physical, from the emotional, and from the intellectual. The architecture experience evokes a response which fulfils physical, emotional, and intellectual needs, effecting an enjoyable interaction between the person and the building. Space perception is happening everywhere, anytime. Wherever people are, there are buildings. Where buildings are, there are spatial experience. Appreciation of the works of creative architects and designers demands creativity from our part. Through accumulated experience and knowledge we design our own appreciation and experience. References Frank D.K Ching, 2007, Architecture: Form, Space Order, John Wiley Sons Inc. , Hoboken, New Jersey Morris Hicky Morgan, 1960, The Ten books of architecture, Dover Publications, New York Panayotis Tournikiotis, 1965, The Historiography of Modern Architecture, Faber Faber, London, Chapter Six: Architecture, Time Past, and Time Future, pg 181 Pierre Von Mesis, 1998, Elements of Architecture: From Form to Place, E F Spon, New York, Chapter 4, Measure and Balance, pp 57-72 Thomas Gordon Smith, 2003, Vitruvius on Architecture, Monacelli Press, New York Steen Eiler Rasmussen, 1959, Experiencing Architecture, Chapman Hall Hazel Conway and Rowan Roenisch, 2005, Understanding Architecture An introduction to architecture and architectural history, London ; New York : Routledge Christopher Alexander, 1979, The Timeless Way of Building, Oxford University Press, New York Malcolm Quantrill Bruce Webb, 1991, Constancy and Change in Architecture, College Station, Texas AM University Press. Leland M.Roth, 2007, Understanding Architecture: Its elements, history and meaning, Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press. William Wayne Caudill, 1978, Architecture and You How to experience and enjoy Buildings, New York : Whitney Library of Design Steven Holl, 1949, Questions of Perception Phenomenology of Architecture, Tokyo : San Francisco : a+u Pub. ; William Stout Gaston Bachelard, 1994, The Poetics of Space, Boston, Mass. : Beacon Press

Futsal

Phone +60 019-3058338 Fax +60 089-885378 Email: [email  protected] com TABLE OF CONTENTS2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY3 THE BUSINESS DESCRIPTION4 MARKET ANALYSIS4 VISION STATEMENT5 VISION TRIGGER5 MISSION STATEMENT5 BUSINESS OBJECTIVES6 BUSINESS OPERATIONS6 MARKETING6 Product6 Price6 Place7 Promotion7 COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS8 LEGAL STRUCTURE8 MANAGEMENT EXPERTISE8 SUPPORT PERSONNEL8 FINANCIAL INFORMATION9 SUMMARY12 TABLE AND EXHIBITS Table 1 – 12 Month and 3-year Sales Forecasts and Related Promotional Costs7 Exhibit 1 – One Year Cash flow Projection _________________________10Exhibit 2 – Why Play Futsal 13 Exhibit 3 – The Pitch-Measurements and Size15 Exhibit 4 – Equipments Supplier and Installer _______________________16 Exhibit 5 – Example Pictures of a Futsal Court______________________17 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this business plan is to setup an Indoor Football Court or its familiar name known as Futsal. The business will be owned by K. H Le e and three other partners and will be located in leased space that has a radius of 1 kilometre from the town of Lahad Datu. The owner will provide with the land at an agreed rental paid on a monthly basis for 10 years.The business will serve as the first Indoor football court to the generally upscale target market of Lahad Datu. Based on the financial and competitive analysis presented in this plan, LD de Futsal will be successful. The cash flow projection, Exhibit 4, One-Year Cash Flow Projection, indicates break-even analysis including the shareholder’s draw of RM30, 000 for the first year of operations. It is anticipated that LD de Futsal will become firmly established and known throughout the East Coast area in the next three years with the potential of multiple locations.The LD de Futsal distinctive logo, its reputation for an Indoor football atmosphere, plus its slogan, â€Å"The Ultimate Indoor Football Experience! † will provide a distinctive competitive edge. The Initiator, K. H Lee has founded two highly successful businesses in the East Coast area. The initiator holds a graduate Management Technology degree from the School of Management, Malaysia Technology University, Malaysia. THE BUSINESS DESCRIPTION LD de Futsal will be a start-up Indoor Football located in leased space within a radius of 1 kilometer from Lahad Datu Town. A ninety-day option has been taken on this location.The estimated opening date is July 2008. K. H Lee, who has founded two highly successful businesses in the area, during the last 3 years, will own the business with three other partners as a partnership. Each of his business, Lee Kim Huat reached its break-even point within a year. LD de Futsal will be an upscale court which is the first in town and with new flooring technology never to be used by other Futsal Court at a very reasonable price. LD de Futsal will be successful because it is based on solid market research demonstrating there is a demand for a Futsa l Court in Lahad Datu.It will be located in the most desirable area, and the owner has a five-year track record of proven success. As the first Indoor Football court, no doubt it will be a success if managed by the right individuals. MARKET ANALYSIS Futsal has its roots in South America but has spread to around 100 countries. It is the only indoor soccer game recognized by FIFA, the international soccer governing body. The USFF estimates more than 70,000 play Futsal in the United States. In Malaysia, Futsal facilities have grown like mushrooms and the businesses have very positive prospects and are selling like ‘hot breads’.Verbal survey on this business shows that the trend of youngsters with love in football has driven them as far as to Sandakan and Tawau just for this 60 minutes Futsal Game. There is a very big and untapped market for Indoor Football in East Cost generally and the district of Lahad Datu specifically. VISION STATEMENT In three years, LD de Futsal will be established and known throughout the East Coast area and expansion plans from two courts to five courts will be in the planning stages. We focus on providing superb facilities at value for money prices. Together with our customer orientated service, we strive to serve you our customer better.We are truly The Ultimate Indoor Soccer Experience! To represent and serve all FUTSAL Fans with emphasis on succeeding to be a profitable business. VISION TRIGGER The main vision trigger will be the catchy slogan: â€Å"The Ultimate Indoor Football Experience! † The vision trigger will emphasize a fun, family atmosphere that people of all ages and sexes can enjoy. This will include quality customer service, our standard football court with latest floorings and nettings technology, and a selection of food and drinks to meet the needs of individual customers. MISSION STATEMENT LD de Futsal’s mission is presented below:We, the employees and management of LD de Futsal, make this pl edge to you, our valued customers: We pledge that we will provide an Indoor football experience in a prompt and friendly manner. We pledge that we will at our best prepare this place for the ultimate Indoor football experience that meet the standards of football for the district of Lahad Datu and the state of Sabah. We pledge that we will be good citizens, respectful of the environment, and friendly neighbors to the surrounding businesses. We pledge to put safety a high priority so you can visit with friends or family with peace of mind.We pledge that we will be responsive to your suggestions and concerns. BUSINESS OBJECTIVES LD de Futsal’s will have these business objectives during the first two years of operation: 1. Owners draw of RM30, 000 by the end of Year 1. 2. Cash break-even by the end of Year 2. 3. Owners draw of RM50, 000 by the end of Year 2. BUSINESS OPERATIONS The operations of LD de Futsal will be described using the main functions of the business: marketing, c ompetitive analysis, legal structure, management expertise, support personnel, and financial information.MARKETING Product -Futsal Court for a 60 minute game. -Drinks and snacks to cater for our customer’s need. -Sports items such as jersey’s and Indoor Football gears. Price A comprehensive survey was made based on other Indoor football court, the price for a 60 minute game ranges from RM80 to RM 120 depending on the size of the court. For the starting of this business, we are planning to setup a medium size court in which a 60 minute game will cost RM90. This is a very reasonable price in which for a full game, an individual will only have to pay RM6. 0 per/person (considering a team consist of 7 players). Place The place, which has a radius of 1 kilometer from the main town of Lahad Datu, is the most ideal place and most strategic for now and the future. Reason being is that we can save on marketing as the location which is located by the main roadside will be a mark eting point itself and in the same time, incase of any other competitor in the future, we are by far a better location. Study has also shown that population growth has been steadily increasing in Lahad Datu.By setting up our business in the radius of 1 kilometer area from the town, it is much easier for individuals to locate and skip all the traffic after working hours. Promotion LD de Futsal will be promoted with a variety of marketing methods: A grand opening will be held with a local Band providing the music and entertainment. LD de Futsal will hold their 1st free court introduction where teams can register and play for free for 1 hour on the opening ceremony day and offer free drinks to players and guests. One and three-year sales forecasts are presented in Table 1 together with anticipated promotional costs.TABLE 1 12 month and 3-year Sales Forecasts and Related Promotional Costs Years Sales Revenue Promotion One 252,000 4,000 Two 324,000 6,000 Three 360,00010,000 COMPETITIVE A NALYSIS The prospective initiator decided not to conduct a personal survey to obtain the information regarding the competitive analysis due to there is no Futsal court yet in the district of Lahad Datu and there is no serious competition from competitior at the time of this planning. LEGAL STRUCTURELD de Futsal will be operated as a partnership owned by K. H Lee and 3 other partners. MANAGEMENT EXPERTISE The initiator has been involved in setting up a lot of businesses in which the end result aims are to be a profitable business in the shortest and fastest way. His father is a very well-known Entrepreneur and he has traveled around with him to many different countries. He has grown up around the East Coast and has a good track record in all education, sports and business. The initiator holds a graduate Management Technology degree from the School of Management, Malaysia Technology University, Malaysia.K. H Lee has been involved in many sports activities and was once a state player f or Badminton and Basketball. K. H Lee’s extensive business activities have used several reputable Lahad Datu professionals who provide services to the business. SUPPORT PERSONNEL The business will operate using either family, sports enthusiasts and high school students as its principal employees to reflect a youthful, family oriented image consistent with its vision trigger. The manager will be from the initiator’s family member who has vast experience dealing with sports and the people of Lahad Datu.Employees will receive advices and gather for short meetings from time to time to help job performance and politeness. The majority of the employees will be family who will work part-time with a full-time manager. Three students will also be hired on a part-time basis depending on the needs of the daily operations. Student employees will work for RM5 per/hour and initially with an opportunity for pay increases. A policy of promotion from within will be adopted. FINANCIAL I NFORMATION FINANCIAL OBJECTIVES The following objectives are for the first two years of LD de Futsal: 1. Owner draws RM30, 000 by the end of Year 1. . Cash break-even by the end of Year 2. 3. Owner draws RM50, 000 by the end of Year 2. One-Year Cash Flow Projections The items in Exhibit 4, One-Year Cash Flow Projection, have been arranged in a specific way: sources of cash (cash receipts), cash needed to purchase assets (equipment), cash needed to pay expenses (rent), cash needed to pay liabilities (payroll taxes), and owner’s draw. SOURCES OF CASH 1. Personal Funds. The owner will invest RM 50, 000 into the business. 2. Loan Proceeds. The owner will borrow RM50, 000 from the Bank as a five-year revolving line of credit at 8. %. Interest will be charged only on the amount actually borrowed with principal payments of RM8, 000. This information was provided by one of the leading bank in Malaysia 3. Cash Receipts from Business. RM15, 000 in cash receipts net of sales taxes is es timated monthly. This projection involves court hiring, soft drinks and purchase of sports gear. This is a very conservative estimate of cash receipts. A 3 year experienced Futsal business manager estimates that the industry average cash flow for a start-up Futsal court is RM8, 000 monthly. EXHIBIT 1 | | | | | | | | | | | |One-Year Cash Flow Projection | | | | | | | | | | | |Sources of cash | | | | | | | |1.Funds (Owners) | | | | | 320,000 | | |2. Loan Proceeds | | | | |- | | |3.Cash Receipts from Business (Gross) | |252,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | |Total Sources | | | | |572,000 | | | | | | | | | | |Uses of Cash | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |4.Equipment/Supplies | | | |70, 000 | | |5. Vehicle Purchase/Lease | | | | – | | |6. Real Estate | | | | | – | | |7. Fixtures | | | | |200,000 | | |8. Security Deposits (Rent and Utility) | |15,000 | | |9.Signs | | | | | |5,000 | | |10. Leasehold Improvements | | |- | | |11. Cost of Goods Sold | | | | 12,000 | | |12. Telephone and Utilities | | | | 24,000 | | |13. Rent | | | | | |60,000 | | |14.Business License Fee | | | |25 | | |15. Insurance Premiums | | | |5,000 | | |16. Office Supplies | | | |1,000 | | |17. Legal and Accounting | | | |800 | | |18. Advertising | | | | |2,000 | | |19.Real Estate Taxes | | | |- | | |20. Miscellaneous Expenses | | |1,000 | | |21. Payroll Taxes and Benefits | | |20,000 | | |22. Payroll Wages (Excluding Withholdings) | |14,400 | | |23. Loan Payments (Principal and Interest) | |- | | |24.Owners Draw | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Total Uses | | | | |430,225 | | | | | | | | | | |Net Cash Flow for the Year (Sources Minus Uses) | |141,775 | USES OF CASH 4. Equipment/Supplies. Basic equipment cost is estimated to be RM140, 000. This includes counters, refrigerators, nettings and floorings installation. A well known equipment supplier supplied this information. 5. Fixtures. Fixture costs will total RM200, 000 based on an estimate from Stadio de Futsal,Tawau . These costs will include the building setup, purchasing tables, chairs, and all removable service items. 6. Security Deposits. Security and other deposits will include RM10, 000 for lease-related deposits and RM5, 000 for a month rental for a total of RM15, 000. 7. Signs.LD de Futsal will have two giant signs, one posted on the front of the building and the other near the road. The signs and installation will cost RM5, 000 according to Springville Sign Store. 8. Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold is based on the sales projection of $180,000 and is estimated to be an average of 35% of sales totaling $63,000. A 12 year veteran Mexican restaurant owner in Springville provided this information. 9. Telephone and Utilities. Lahad Datu District Council, Electric, and Telephone Company estimates telephone and other utilities at RM1, 200/month for an annual total of RM24, 000. 10. Lease Expense. The first three months are rent-free.There will be a maintenance fee of RM500/month for com mon areas and rent is based on /sq. ft. of the building space. Rent totals RM60, 000, with RM5, 000 payments monthly. 11. Business License Fee. This business license fee based on business revenue (2. 5% of gross revenue) will be RM25 (License and Permits Office, Lahad Datu). 12. Insurance Premiums. An ordinary Insurance Agency based in Lahad Datu, estimated annual premiums at RM5, 000. This will cover theft, fire, accident, workman’s compensation, and all other types of insurance. 16. Office Expense. This item includes all office-related expenses including copying and paper supplies. The owner will perform all of the office duties.Total is estimated at RM1, 000 annually based on the initiator’s previous experience. 17. Legal and Accounting. A friend that practices law and is currently working with a law firm will provide basic bookkeeping, accounting, and legal services. She has a bookkeeping subsidiary, Business Bookkeeping that specializes in low cost bookkeeping. Th is friend of mine will be engaged for the bookkeeping providing tax preparation and other professional services. The total estimated annual cost is RM800 18. Advertising and Promotion. RM2, 000 will be allocated to the advertising campaign. This firm will advertise by using flyers, newspapers, banners and bunting. 9. Miscellaneous Expenses. RM1, 000 has been estimated for miscellaneous expenses based on information provided by a Futsal Court owner. 20. Payroll Taxes and Benefits. These total RM20, 000. Fifteen percent of wages include EPF, SOCSO, COLA and manager benefits. 21. Payroll. Wages total RM14, 400. This total includes 350 workdays, with 3 employees working 5 hours a day at $6. 00. The manager will work 8-hour days and be paid $11. 00 per hour. Payroll includes manager’s annual salary, employer taxes, unemployment insurance, and worker’s compensation, but does not include withholdings. SUMMARY Compadre’s Mexican Restaurant will be successful.The busines s plan has documented that the establishment of Compadre's Mexican Restaurant is feasible. All the critical factors such as industry trends, marketing analysis, competitive analysis, management expertise, and financial analysis support this conclusion. We invite you to attend our grand opening. Go to â€Å"Compadre’s – where we know your name! † EXHIBIT 2 Why Play Futsal? †¢ Fun – Players enjoy the challenge of playing a fast paced skill oriented game that tests their abilities. †¢ Safety – Futsal is much safer than traditional indoor soccer. Indoor soccer can be a violent game with extremely physical play such as players being â€Å"boarded† into the walls. The rules of Futsal restrict physical play, and there are no walls to run into. Ball Touches – In a statistical study comparing Futsal to indoor soccer with walls, Futsal players touched the ball 210% more often than indoor soccer players. †¢ Ball Control – W ith Futsal, the emphasis is clearly on control and technique. Without control and technique you cannot expect to succeed in Futsal. With limited space, boundary lines, and constant opponent pressure, improved ball control skills are required. †¢ Speed of Play – With limited space and constant opponent pressure, players learn to play fast to survive. †¢ Continuity of Play – Action is continuous so players are forced to continue play in support of their teammates. †¢ Mandatory Support – Without a wall as a crutch, players must make supporting runs when their teammates have the ball.With only 4 field players on the field and always needing the proper support positions offensively and defensively, a player will instinctively learn better spacing, passing and general tactics from playing Futsal. Players without the ball must move to space and must truly support their teammates. †¢ Framing the Goal – The goal and Penalty Area are a perfect s ize for narrowing the angle so teams learn to frame the goal to score goals. †¢ Knowledge – With four court players and all the basic options of the outdoor game, players’ understanding of the game is enhanced. †¢ Encouraged Learning – The rules of Futsal encourage playing a skilled game by punishing all physical contact fouls. Rewards – Futsal rewards the same basic skills, tactics and knowledge of the game as the 11v11 outdoor game. †¢ Cost – Many people think the cost of indoor soccer is expensive, but when compared to other activities it is actually quite reasonable. Depending on the number of players, the average cost per player for a night of soccer is around RM7-RM8. Compare this to going for badminton which the cost of two shuttlecocks has already exceeds RM8, or even to the movies along with the customary snack and drink, the price is very reasonable and healthier. EXHIBIT 3 THE PITCH The pitch and appurtenances are shown in the following illustration: EXHIBIT 4 EQUIPMENTS 1- NETTINGS 2- FLOORINGS WR Flooring specializes in sports flooring such as tennis, Futsal, adminton, running tracks, squash court, gym room and other indoor and outdoor sports. WR flooring has been developed to give customers the best quality and warranty possible for sports flooring. The company is confident of giving the best product and services to cater for the need of a good sports environment. EXHIBIT 5 EXAMPLE OF FUTSAL COURTS (Courtesy of Sports Planet) Main entrance (Side Picture) Inside The Futsal Court Simple Structure for One Court (Beams and Floorings) A view of the Courts with side nettings Cafe for the thirsty players & registration counter Walkways for viewers and players An example of a game that’s on going A side view of the court with special floorings specifically for indoor football

Philosopher essay

The United States' form of democracy was not assembled all by one man over night. The idea of self government is an idea not widely thought about in a world who ere a king ruled. Classical Republican Philosophers and Natural Rights Philosophers influx encoded many important documents that have controlled our country such as the Declaration n of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, a document of the French revolution and history of huh man rights, and the Declaration of Independence.The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was giggly highly influenced by Thomas Jefferson because Jefferson was working with General Lafayette and Lafayette admired Jefferson. The very first article of this Declare Zion, â€Å"Men are born free and remain free and equal in rights† shows that everyone is equal. All of the rights show barely any restriction to people and express how every individual is Nat aurally equal. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson carefully organized the Declaration to control the country, while showing a distinct Seen SE of freedom toward the individual.Thomas Jefferson used the unalienable rights, â€Å"Life, Lib retry, and a pursuit of Happiness† to express the type of life a United States citizen should have. Thomas Jefferson used these three rights from John Locke except Locke used property instead of a pursuit of happiness. By â€Å"property' Locke meant more than belongings, he ref erred to one's well being as a whole as well. Using these three rights, American people can d iced when the government has been too damaging and can change it (if need be). The D acceleration states reasons â€Å"We have warned them from time to time†¦

Descriptive Essay 1000 Words - 1062 Words

5 Senses Effects Food Food is not a want it is a necessity. However, in today’s society we have evolved beyond eating to survive and progressed to eating for pleasure. We no longer limit ourselves to family meals at home. Instead the majority of the population tends to enjoy gathering family and friends and going out for a dining experience. When dining out, the food itself is not the only factor to determining whether or not the meal was pleasing. The atmosphere, the visual, the taste, and the smell have all become key components in deciding whether or not a mean out is enjoyable. With these things in mind, on a rain Saturday afternoon two of my friends accompanied me to the casual dining restaurant, Applebee’s. I was there for one†¦show more content†¦Ready to eat, I loaded my fork and shoved it into my mouth. My mouth slightly watered in pure satisfaction. The eclectic tastes within my mouth molded together to serve as the perfect combination. Once I had completely finished my m eal I began to take note of the surroundings. Throughout my meal my friends and I sang along to several of the songs playing within the restaurant. A few of the songs were older and took us back to our childhood, to the days of playing tag and jump rope in the schoolyard, such as â€Å"Hit Me Baby One More Time,† by Britney Spears, and â€Å"Wannabe,† by the Spice Girls. Other songs were a bit more recent and were current hits, and a few more were songs that were not memorable. As mentioned before the restaurant style in itself is homelike in the dining section. It is very apparent that customer satisfaction is a high priority of the restaurant. The bar area however, is sports orientated. I took note of the fact that every television set that was on within the restaurant had a sports event on. On the television set directly in front of me a Tampa Bay Ray’s game was on and in the bar area it seemed to be the game that was drawing the most attention. An assortment of Ray’s jersey’s could be seen from my seat, and there was absolutely no doubt about the fact that you indeed were in Tampa. With the slightly dimmed lighting it gave an overall tranquil frame of mind. At the beginning of time itShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Alexander Pope s An Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesAn essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author s own argument — but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have traditionally been sub-classified as formal and informal. Formal essays are characterized by serious purpose, dignity, logical organization, length, whereas the informal essay is characterized by the personal element (self-revelation, individual tastes and experiences, confidential manner), humor, gracefulRead MoreTen Most Effective Ways to Improve Your English1003 Words   |  5 Pages10 Most Effective Ways to Improve Your English 800-1000 words essay 1. Read : Read anything and everything in English. You can read story books, newspapers, magazines, blogs, comics, English textbooks, instructions and ingredients on food packages, advertisements, etc. For story books, don’t force yourself to read something too difficult or something you know you won’t enjoy. Make reading fun! Read books that you ENJOY reading. I hate to read books that bore me too. Opening up books beforeRead MoreBy Using Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) the Tobacco Industry Is Seeking to Change Their Unethical Public Image. Evaluate This Strategy Using Three Ethical Principles of the Global Business Standards Codex.3135 Words   |  13 Pages | | |Essay | |Title of assignment: | | | |1000 words plus references | |Length:Read MoreFrancis Bacon : An Essay3660 Words   |  15 PagesDerived from the French word essai, the word essay means the action or process of trying to test. Looking back through history, a man name Francis Bacon was the first person to write The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon: Of The Profiecience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Humane, an essay, with the first book, written about the significance of learning every field of life and the second part written about the lack of human knowledge and suggestions for improvement. After this successful periodRead Moredsfsdsfs4469 Words   |  18 Pagesfor each payment, which will include a link to easy cancellation instructions. Essay From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Essay (disambiguation). Essays of Michel de Montaigne An essay is generally a short piece of writing written from an author s personal point of view, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of an article and a short story. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, politicalRead MoreA Look into the Various Forms of Essay Writing5590 Words   |  23 Pagespolicy shifts in the government and state. Questions arises what, where and who is the Establishment. I am here giving a definition as given by seasoned politician andjournalist;MushHussain Syed: This Establishment comprises anywhere from 500 to 1000 individuals, some related to each other through family or marriage, from amongst the military brass, the top bureaucracy, superior judiciary, intelligence outfits. Its wings are flanked by feudal lords, industrial magnates and media barons. McKinseyRead MoreWriting and Research Paper2935 Words   |  12 PagesGrade Percentages Essay #1: (10%) 500 word personal memoir on childhood and family, or a sense of place Essay #2: (10%) 750 argument essay: gender roles Essay #3: (25%) 1,000 word researched and documented argumentative/persuasive Essay Essay # 4 (10%) Mid-term: Critical Analysis Essay #5: (15%) 500 word Critical analysis Essay/ oral presentation Essay # 6: (10%) Final: in-class essay Other grades: Read MoreManaging Up Unit 1 Psmp Assignment Wanna Case Study Review Essay2252 Words   |  10 PagesReading Wanna, J 2007, ‘Improving federalism: drivers of change, repair options and reform scenarios’, Australian Journal of Public Administration, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 275 – 279. Purpose (What is the author’s aim? For example, is the piece descriptive or does it summarise the literature or introduce a new argument? Is the author trying to convince, persuade, or inform the reader? Use a verb.) (59) The author aims to inform the reader of the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for reform ofRead Moreoutline2569 Words   |  11 Pagessocial sciences – notably sociology, economics and political science – and gain respect for the rigour that goes into academic scholarship and evidence-based research in particular. KEY QUESTIONS What is happening to the world of work? (descriptive) Why are things the way they are? Where have we come from? What proceeded the current era? (analytical) What might be? (speculative) What sort of future should we create for ourselves? (prescriptive) What are my own prospects – or thoseRead MoreCriminology : Life Course Criminology1817 Words   |  8 PagesLIFE COURSE CRIMINOLOGY ESSAY- 2000 WORDS MAY 2nd 2017 Life-course criminology is the focus on changes in offending and problem behaviours over the course of a person’s lifetime, often with three descriptions; developmental criminology, age related criminology and life course criminology, this is because although there are variations of the same general ideas, there are subtle differences. Developmental and life course criminology have many similar characteristics, however, they do also differ