Advertisements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commercials - Essay Example In any case, it is additionally significant for sponsors to utilize therapists who learn about what might make shoppers tick. For example, the principal items to turn out in the market generally set the name of their organization to be perceived for those specific items. Toothpastes for instance are frequently connected with Colgate on the grounds that it was the first to have mass created it. Individuals for a considerable length of time adhered to Colgate toothpastes as a result of the idea that pioneers are the best based from their experience and ability. Today, be that as it may, such beliefs are decreasing endlessly. Along these lines, the cutting edge therapists of sponsors need to realize what has changed in the consumers’ principles in purchasing items. Taking our model prior, Colgate toothpaste makers didn't stop to where they began yet once again the years, improved their items. Because of this need to improve and keep up a decent nature of items that would be serio us in the market, Colgate likewise utilizes scientists who change the items to address the issues of contemporary clients. The cutting edge purchasers are presently increasingly educated and careful. Along these lines, commercials are made to interest their rationale and data. Colgate for example, has an assortment of toothpastes that take into account the various needs of the buyers.

E-Commerce Business Technology Society

Question: Talk about the E-Commerce for Business Technology Society. Answer: Presentation Electronic business has taken a noteworthy pace in the molding of the worldwide economy. The financial business has comprehensively embraced e-business and constantly tried to extend its contribution in online business. Most banks utilize the business to buyer (B2C) sites in connecting about the entirety of their clients in various areas (Sohani, 2009). The purpose behind picking the financial area is that with the acquaintance of innovation with lead business, it has significantly affected banks working in the economy. The financial business has generally embraced B2C e-plan of action to expand the piece of the pie and offer quality types of assistance to clients. This conversation depends on the Australian financial division where the utilization of web based business have empowered the banks to improve and enhance fantastic client the board techniques just as serving clients better through the advancement of new items and administrations as favored by the clients. The National Australia Bank, Westpac, and Commonwealth Bank, all situated in Australia give e-business administrations to their customers through B2C model. The URL for National Australia Bank is, (https://www.nab.com.au/), Westpac URL is, (https://www.westpac.com.au/), and the site for Commonwealth Bank is, (https://www.commbank.com.au/individual/online-banking.html). The reason for this exposition is to depict and think about the manners in which the sites of these three banks address the 7Cs of e-plans of action. Portrayal and Comparison of the Companies Websites Organizations sites assume a noteworthy job towards business achievement. The financial division utilizes destinations to achieve different showcasing systems of new proposals by the organizations in the market to help business development (Laudon Traver, 2008). These three Australian Banks utilize open sites as expressed above in concentrating on the advertising, deals and client assistance exchanges with the end client utilizing the B2C model to address the 7Cs of showcasing. Content Identity The site of National Australian Bank (NAB), https://www.nab.com.au/, address the 7Cs of the client interface. The substance of the webpage has delightful movements and realistic structures that cause clients to feel great and increase enthusiasm for executing on the web business with the bank (Laudon Traver, 2008). For Westpac, the URL, https://www.westpac.com.au/, utilizes the component of HTTPS and this makes it a lot simpler for clients to visit the organization's site. Route Between Sites Customization is vital to the achievement of e-business. Federation bank's site is, https://www.commbank.com.au/individual/online-banking.html permits the clients to customize the webpage. In contrast to the networks for NAB and Westpac, this site empower clients to customize Hi5 and MySpace where simple route into the organization's social locales is unimaginable. Download The URL, https://www.westpac.com.au/, of Westpac makes it simpler to download the recordings for Westpac items than it is when utilizing the NAB and Commonwealth bank's site. The site page of Westpac is significantly connected to different destinations of different organizations, and this guarantees simple access to its items when contrasted with different banks in Australia. Illustrations The utilization of illustrations in an organizations site assumes a colossal job in e-business achievement. The visual part pages of Westpac, Commonwealth, and NAB have extraordinary hues and pictures that are deliberately intended to draw in the bank clients. While NAB and Commonwealth have alluring illustrations and movements, Westpac's site has the best substance in that the hues, sounds, and recordings offered online for clients to see the bank's items. Connecting Capabilities The connecting abilities of the three organizations' sites affect accomplishment under the financial area. Seize and Commonwealth banks utilize both Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 which present the best abilities in the general achievement of the organizations. Be that as it may, Westpac centers around the utilization of Web 2.0 creation it the best. Network Intentionally, networks are intended to empower the client to client correspondence. Ward's site leaves space for clients to customize their records. This makes a phenomenal correspondence stage between the bank and the clients over the web (Carol, Daniel, Jeffrey, Martin, William, 2012). Be that as it may, for protection of information, this is unthinkable in NAB and Westpac. Security The sites of organizations should consistently empower business exchanges in the most secure and privy way. The three organizations sites address the issue of security with high consideration. Clients information and the data are remained careful and private to such an extent that it is inconceivable for fraudsters to hack the client's banks accounts (Sohani, 2009). This is the thing that has made the three organizations stay serious in the Australian financial industry. Proposals The data and innovation director of NAB and Westpac should configuration web highlights and pages that permit their clients to customize the webpage since this assumes a noteworthy job in advertising its items and administrations. The supervisors of NAB and Westpac should duplicate Commonwealth Bank's way to deal with planning an extraordinary substance that permits clients to see their items online through recordings; this teaches clients on the utilization and relevance of the administration in cash move. The three banks ought to endeavor to offer helpful cash move administrations to the clients, give speed and quality administrations, and look to build up connecting capacities to different destinations particularly for notable banks on the planet. References Ditty, B. V., Daniel, D. W., Jeffrey, H. A., Martin, W. E., William, P. C. (2012). Overseeing Information Technolgy. New York: Prentice Hall. seventh Edition Laudon, K., Traver, C. (2008). Internet business: Business, Technology, Society. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. fourth Edition Sohani, A. (2009). Innovation and Banking Sector. India: ICFAI University Press. pp. 1-39

Word of the Week! Valence Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Valence Richmond Writing Special thanks to Rita Willett, MD, Healthcare Studies and Department of Biology, for our word this week. This is her second nomination and, as a writer, I can say that nothing is more pleasing than regulars who read ones work. Dr. Willett provides a term that I knew though chemistry classes, indicating particular types of chemical bonds. It appears in many other fields, all of them indicating a bond of some sort. Scouting about with Google, I found a use from linguistics, where valence indicates the number of words in a sentence to which another word, especially a verb, can bond. An verb such as give has a valence of three; it makes no sense alone, requiring itself (valence of 1) as well as a direct (2) and indirect object (3), as in give me the dictionary! Dr. Willett and her students encountered our word through NIHs RDoC Matrix, a graph ranking psychological motivations and threats according to positive or negative valences. At first glance, the words meaning in psychology drifts a bit from its use in chemistry or immunology, where it also indicates a binding action for antibodies or antigens. The use of the term in psychology dates back only a century, with the OED Online providing a 1917 example, but one from 1935, in a book called A Dynamic Theory of Personality, really captures the meaning well: A certain object or event..is experienced as an attraction (or repulsion) We shall say of such objects that they possess a ‘valence’. There, then, in our bond, much like that in other fields. One positive valence I found at the NIH site is, in fact, chemical. Consider the reward given by the brain when it releases dopamine. Get a like online (or a regular reader responding at your blog) and you get a little dose of it, naturally. This is why I often critique smart phones, calling them addictive dopamine dispensers and banning their use in class. But I digress, perhaps to release some other pleasant brain chemical related to smugness or curmudgeon-ism. Looking for images in the Creative Commons of dopamine reward led to all sorts of negative valences that had me fretting about wasting professional time, since so many images were simply the same drawing of a human brain with the areas highlighted that are linked to dopamine. On the other hand, laughter must be a positive valence, and short clips of Homer Simpson being forced to eat an infinite number of donuts in Hell came up too under dopamine reward. This led me to Homer having a nightmare about The Planet of the Donuts where hes accused of eating half the population. Find those on your own. Right now, my brain craves the positive valence of consuming a donut, a word I prefer to spell doughnut. Then the negative valence of guilt for eating two, not one. I hope the valences that influence your behavior are all positive, from getting enough sleep, rewards, and positive habits. Correction 4/9/18: I had originally noted valence as the spelling for a type of window treatment. As Dr. Willett pointed out, that is a valance. I swear I saw it listed with an e in one of my dictionaries. Perhaps I need an entry for ophthalmologist. Nominate a word by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Words of the Week here. Image courtesy of Wikipedia.

Organizational Culture Essay - 1755 Words

Organizational Culture Organizational culture can be defined as a system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members. It includes routine behaviors, norms, dominant values, and a feeling or climate conveyed. The purpose and function of this culture is to help foster internal integration, bring staff members from all levels of the organization much closer together, and enhance their performance. However, there seems to be a widely held misconception that throughout an organization or within a specific division there is only one uniform culture that exists. This definition does not seem adequate because it fails to recognize that in many organizations there are quite†¦show more content†¦Many of the fail points within the organization could be traced directly back to its socialization process. The socialization process is the process by which an organization brings new employees into its culture. The older members of the society transmit to younger members the social skills and knowledge needed to function effectively in the organization. This process of the organization develops the skills and competencies needed to perform the new job. Although the company seemed to be successful in the first two steps the remainder of the process seemed to be inconsistent with this theory. The company followed the traditional pattern of selecting potential candidates through the use of trained recruiters and a standardized procedure. These recruiters looked for a variety of specific traits in each candidate that they believed would make them suitable for the position at the firm. Those individuals that did not meet these strict criteria were not considered for the position. The organization also had many similarities with the next step in which the successful candidates were placed in many challenging environments, or impossible situations to test their commitment to the position. The theory then suggests that at this point in the process those individuals who are not willing to accept the culture would be removed and all others allowed to proceed. Yet this does not seemShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Culture And Organizational Culture1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of culture in the organization The organization culture as a leadership concept has been identified as one of the many components that leaders can use to grow a dynamic organization. Leadership in organizations starts the culture formation process by imposing their assumptions and expectations on their followers. Once culture is established and accepted, they become a strong leadership tool to communicate the leader s beliefs and values to organizational members, and especially newRead MoreOrganizational Culture Essay731 Words   |  3 Pages Edgar Schein, a famous theorists dealing with organizational culture, provides the following definition for the term: A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems that has worked well enough to be considered valid and is passed on to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems. (organizationalculture101) However, organizational culture is more than sharing assumptions used by a grou p to solve problems;Read MoreOrganizational Culture Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational culture Culture is something that encompasses all of us. It helps us to understand how things are created, acknowledged, developed and managed. In this context, culture helps to define and understand an organisation and how it works and manages. Organizational culture is a shared value system derived over time that guides members as they solve problems, adapts to the external environment, and manage relationship (Schein in Wooten and Crane 2003, Vol. 21(6), p.276). OrganisationalRead More Organizational Culture of Alibaba 1463 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished a strong company organizational culture based on a shared mission, vision and value system as the cornerstone of the company and its subsidiaries. They respect the spirit of entrepreneurship, innovation, and focus on meeting the needs of their customers. According to the founder, Jack Ma (August,2013), Alibaba’s organizational culture can be summarized with four simple words: openness, transparency, sharing, and responsibility.It is thank to the organizational culture, Alibaba has launched aRead MoreOrganisational Culture And Organizational Culture1730 Words   |  7 PagesOrganisational culture refers to ‘the shared beliefs and values guiding the thinkin g and behavioural styles of members’ (Cooke and Rousseau, 1988, in Bratton 2010: 334), indicating that employees who accept the common values of an organisation and put great effort on commitments are likely to build up a strong culture to an organisation. Edgar Schein (2004) proposed three levels of organisational culture. As employees go through changes, they gain experiences from the past, adapt to a new environmentRead MoreOrganizational Culture Essay1812 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational Culture Organizations have personalities like individuals and like individuals, they have enduring and stable traits that help us predict their attitudes and behaviors. An organization’s culture may be hard to define but it has a major impact on the behavior of individuals in the organization. To understand one’s behavior in an organizational culture it helps to understand the dominant culture in an organization and to figure out how individuals come to learn that culture and howRead MoreThe Term Organizational Culture Essay2100 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction A look at simply a couple of works that utilization the term organizational culture will uncover huge variety in the meaning of this term and much all the more in the utilization of the term society has no altered or extensively importance even in human sciences, however variety in its utilization is particularly discernible in the writing on hierarchical society. This is mostly identified with solid contrast in the reason and profundity of books and articles. Be that as it may, likewiseRead MoreThe Organizational Culture of Quinlans3389 Words   |  14 PagesThe Organizational Culture of Quinlans Introduction Quinlan has been UK’s foremost retail giant for a long period of time. By end of 1998 there was evidence of a crisis and since then the company has been on a decline. The company has been ignoring market changes and trying to maintain its corporate image and identity. This has caused the customers to drift to more fashionable brands causing huge loss of business to Quinlan. Presently the company is on a restructuringRead MoreDefining Organizational Culture : An Organization2382 Words   |  10 PagesDefining Organizational Culture With numerous meanings given to organizational culture, scholars claim that the field is grounded in the shared assumptions, attitudes, and behaviors accepted and enacted by employees within an organization, which affect its performance and overall welfare (Belias Koustelios, 2014). Another widespread definition of organizational communication often used by organizational scholars states that: â€Å"Organizational culture is the pattern of basic assumptions that a groupRead MoreQuestions On Organizational Culture And Leadership914 Words   |  4 PagesSchein, E (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership. 2nd ed., San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Edgar Schein outlines those characteristics in better understanding and assessing the culture and climate of an organization. A lot energy and emphasis is focused on the identification and application of an organization’s guiding principles. Schein suggests that our guiding values and principles are important, but it is in the organizations structure, culture, action that describes the true character

Teen Pregnancy Essay - 2181 Words

Pregnancies are a wonderful thing. Just imagine being able to create another human being and bringing it into the world. Although this may be what the majority of mothers think, teen moms may have a different perspective. They might have been forced into pregnancy and the child may be a reoccurring thought of what happened to her. Chances are the teen will love her baby in the long run, but in the beginning the teen most likely had different views. Teen pregnancy is a worldwide problem that needs to be educated properly. The reason why most teen pregnancies occur because teens aren’t educated enough. Granted they might become curious or they don’t care, but they at least need to be properly educated on the matter and know exactly what they†¦show more content†¦Generally when a teen has a baby, society tends to make her seem like a monster, and that whatever happened to cause this. She gets shunned and pushed into a dark place where she may not be capable to pro vide the best care for herself or her baby. The duo may be ignored by their family and friends, causing them to feel very isolated and alone, which could potentially lead to things such as insanity, other mental health issues, or the worst case possible, death. Unfortunately, if the teen gets to the point where she feels like there’s no other option, she will most likely turn to drugs and alcohol, making her situation even worse for herself and those around her. If drugs or alcohol were involved before the teen knew she became pregnant, medical complications to her or the baby are very likely. The teen has to stop drinking, or doing any type of drugs immediately if she wants to keep her and her baby safe. If the mother gets hurt in anyway while she is pregnant, she can potentially hurt and/or kill her baby. Birth deformities are common in mothers who choose to not have a healthy lifestyle. Teen moms are more likely to have their babies born early, have miscarriages, and underweight babies. This will lead to the need of more medical attention, which leads to more money. If the teen mother does not have any help from parents, family, or friends, she will most likely not be able to pay for it and could cause harmful things to occur to h erShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesTeen Pregnancy Nearly thirteen percent of all births in the United States were teenage girls from the ages fifteen to nineteen. Almost one million teenagers become pregnant each year and about 485,00 give birth. In many situations the answer to keeping a relationship going is to have a good sex life. Most teen relationships are based on sex. This is one of the main reasons why teenage birth rates are so high. I am a good person to make a case for this topic because I have witnessed from a familyRead MoreEssay on Teen Pregnancy1041 Words   |  5 PagesIt has been said that teens across the world have not been receiving enough sex education. This has led to many issues with teens becoming pregnant, which most of the time is unanticipated. Teenage pregnancy has been a social problem throughout the world for a number of decades now. Many studies have been completed in several countries that pertain to the amount of teens and the types of teens who are becoming pregnant. Rates among teens had bee n declining for some time, but are starting to takeRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is teen pregnancy? Teenage pregnancy, also known as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in females under the age of 20. A female can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate, which can be before her first menstrual period but usually occurs after the onset of her periods. There are many reasons why teens end up pregnant at such a young age. These reasons consist of family related problems, the lack of being taught about safe sex in school and by parents at homeRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pageswhat is going to help reduce the alarmingly high rate of teen pregnancies has not ceased. Many argue over whether abstinence-only should be taught in high school and if it is the key to reducing the high teen pregnancy rate. From my standpoint, I believe that it should be taught. However, it should be accompanied by the teachings of birth control along with other contraceptives and how to use them. The fact of the matter is that teen pregnancies continue to be a prevalent problem and teaching abstinenceRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay915 Words   |  4 PagesTeen Pregnancy Over the past two decades, the rates of teen pregnancy have grown dramatically. According to the Prevention of Teen Pregnancy, approximately every thirty-one seconds ateenager becomes pregnant in the United States. This is unbelievable, however that is the truth that no one can deny. Many people think that teen pregnancy dont effect them unless they get pregnant or one of the family members in teenage get pregnant. However teen pregnancy really affects our communities and countryRead More Teen Pregnancy Essay643 Words   |  3 Pagesdifficulties that come with an unplanned pregnancy in teens can have a profound effect on their life. Their physical, social, mental, and emotional health will all be affected by a sudden change in the course of their life. Teens impacted with an unplanned pregnancy will have to give up many things in order to be a parent. In addition, they will have to take on many more responsibilities that accompany pregnancy and parenthood. All in all, having an unplanned pregnancy and becoming a parent introduceRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pages(Hamilton, B.E.). That’s nearly 750,000 teen pregnancies every year. According to, â€Å"11 facts about teen pregnancy† less than 2% of teen moms earn a college degree by age 30 (Par. 2 5). There are many reasons for this and the best way to help limit teen pregnancy would be to require parents to attend teen pregnancy prevention meetings held by schools. One of the many problems is that most teens are not well informed about the troubles of being a teen parent. They don’t understand how it willRead MoreEssay On Teen Pregnancy1590 Words   |  7 PagesTeen Pregnancy Task 1 Teenage pregnancy has been around for thousands of years, and in the past was in fact an ideal among societies of past times, such as the Ancient Greeks, the Medieval Era, and even as late as the 20th century. Teenage women were thought to be at the prime age for baring children, and often as soon as they were married, fell pregnant. However, in this era, women have more opportunities to go further and reach higher in life, they have the chance to be successful, and to rivalRead More Teen Pregnancy Essay710 Words   |  3 PagesPrevent Teen Pregnancy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; After reading Martha Balash’s article, Schools Can Help to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. Balash has put time and effort into this proposal on stopping Teen Pregnancy. I think Balash’s introduction is very effective because she goes straight to the facts. She doesn’t try to mislead you with any false facts. She goes straight to the point and the point is to prevent teen pregnancy. Balash tells that schools has more influence over teen pregnancy than whatRead MoreEssay Teen Pregnancy1403 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? W hat could I have become? Would it have made my life easier if I had thought first? There is many causes for teen pregnancy. They lead to the need for the desire of love by another person. One might have a poor home life and would want something like their peers have. A teen may have a low self-esteem and simply be looking for acceptance. However, many teens that have a wonderful

Holiday Trip Free Essays

Science Form 2 note CHAPTER 1: THE WORLD THROUGH OUR SENSES 1. 1 Sensory Organs and Their Functions Sensory Organs and Their Stimuli 1. Humans being have five main sensory organ, which are skin, nose, tongue, ears and eyes. We will write a custom essay sample on Holiday Trip or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Sense detects stimuli, that is changes in surroundings (around us). 3. Five senses: i. sight ii. hearing iii. touch iv. taste v . smell 4. Senses are part of the body called sensory organs. 5. Changes or object that can detect by our senses are called stimuli. 6. The ability of the sensory organs to detect stimuli is called senses. 7. All the sensory organs are complete with sensory receptors, that is the nerve endings that can detect stimuli. Stimuli Sense Sensory organ Light(Brightness, colour) Sight Eye Sound Hearing Ear Touch, heat, cold, pain, pressure Touch Skin Sweet, sour, bitter, salty Taste Tongue Smell or odors Smell Nose The World through our senses senses Light and sight Sound and hearing Stimuli and responses in plants Touch (skin) Smell (nose) Taste (tongue) Hearing (ear) Sight (eye) Properties of light Vision defects Optical illusions Stereoscopic and monocular Properties of sound Reflection and absorption limitations stereophonic Phototropism (light) Geotropism (gravity) Hydrotropism (water) Thigmotropism (move toward) Nastic movement (move run away) Science Form 2 note 2012 Laman web. http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/see. htm http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/touch. htm http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/hear. htm http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/taste. htm http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/smell. htm 1. 2 The Pathway from Stimulus to Response PMR 05 Figure 1. 2 The summary of the pathway from stimulus to response 1. Our sensory organs are used to detect stimuli (Singular: stimulus). A stimulus is anything that causes a reaction in a living organism, e. g. Pain, heat, sound, chemicals. 2. When a stimulus is detected, receptor cells in the sensory organ will be triggered and generate impulses. 3. These impulses will be transmitted through the nerve and than to the brain. 4. The brain will further process and interpret the impulse signals as specific information than the organism has to respond to. 5. This information is than sent back to the sensory organ through the nerve to provide responses. Stimulus Sensory organ Nerves Brain Nerves Response Stimulus Sensory organs Nerves Brain Nerve Response Science Form 2 note 2012 EXERCISE Sense of Touch PMR 07 http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/touch. htm Go to www. brainpop. com/health/integumentary/skin/index. weml Watch a movie on the skin. For easy access, go to www. icd. com. my 1. The sense of touch is the sense that is sensitive towards the touch stimulus provided by specific objects. 2. Organ involve in the detection of touch stimulus is the skin. 3. Structure of human skin: a) The skin divided into three layer epidermis, dermis, fat layer (subcutaneous layer @ adipose layer @ fat layer) ) Receptors are cell in our body that detected stimuli. c) Our body have different types of receptors. These are: i. pain receptor ii. touch receptor iii. heat receptor iv. cold receptor v. pressure receptor Sensory organ 1 Eye 2 Tongue 3 Ear 4 Nose 5 Skin Stimulus (a) Light (a) Chemical substance (a) Sound (a) Chemical substance (a) Cold Pressure Pain Heat Detected by sense of (b) Sight (b) Taste (b) hearing (b) smell (b) touch Science Form 2 note 2012 d) The pain receptor is in the epidermis. e) The touch, heat and cold receptors are in the dermis. The pressure receptors are in the fat layer. f) Each type of receptor can detect only one particular stimulus. g) The part or our body contain receptor are called sensory organs h) These receptor have nerves attached to them Draw figure 1. 3, page 6 4. The degree of sensitivity of the skin depends on the: a) Thickness of the epidermis †¢ The thinner the epidermis, the more sensitive the skin is to the stimulus b) Number of receptors present PMR 05 †¢ The more receptors found on the skin the more sensitive is that part of the skin. 5. The part of the body that have thin epidermis and many receptors sensitive to touch are ) lips b) fingertips c) behind the ears d) armpit e) the back of the neck 6. The part of the body that are not so sensitive to touch are the: a) elbow b) knee c) palm of the hand and sole of the foot d) buttocks/hip 7. The parts of the body usually chosen by the doctor for injection are along the upper arm and the buttocks. This is because these parts have t hick epidermis and fewer receptors. 8. Braille is a code made up of small raised dots on paper. Blind people use their sense of touch to read Braille. 9. Other functions of the human skin. i. Water proof – prevent water loss from skin. ii. Prevents entry of microorganisms that cause illnesses. iii. Remove waste products – excess water, urea and mineral salts. iv. Produces Vitamin D in the presence of the sunlight. v. Stabilise body temperature Science Form 2 note 2012 – sweat glands produce more sweat to cool the body if body temperature rises. Quick check Fill in the blank with the suitable terms given in the box. Receptors thickness thinner sense of touch touch more number 1. The skin is an organ of __________________ 2. There are five types of __ ___ in the skin sensitive to various stimuli. . The sensitivity of the skin depends on the ___________ of the epidermis and the ____________ receptors on the skin. 4. The ____________ the epidermis, the more sensitive it is to stimulus. 5. The ________ receptors there are on the skin, the more sensitive it is to stimulus. 6. Blind people use their ____ to help them read Braille THE SENSE OF SMELL http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/smell. htm Go to www. innerbo dy. com/htm/body/html. choose `nervous system’ and click on the `nose’ for detailed information. For easy access, go to www. icd. com. my mucus Sensory Cells (smell receptors) Nerve to brain Nose Nasal cavity Air in tongue Roof of the mouth nostril Science Form 2 note 2012 1. The nose is sensory organ for smell. 2. Cells sensitive to smell (smell receptors) are found on the top of the nasal cavity. Draw figure 1. 8, page 9 3. Structure of the human nose. a. The human nose has a cavity lined with epithelium tissue. b. On the surface of the epithelium tissue are the sensory cells known as olfactory cells. c. The surface of the nasal cavity is moist because of the mucus secreted by the cells of a gland. d. The nasal cavity has a pair of external opening (nostrils) which have hair to filter dust from the air inhaled through the nose. 4. The nose detects smell in the following way. The inside of the nasal cavity produce mucus v The chemical vapor entering nose during breathing dissolves in mucus. The dissolve chemicals stimulates the smell receptor at the top of the nasal cavity. The smell receptor then produce impulse which are sent through the nerves to the brain v The brain interprets / evaluates the smell . When we have a cold or flu, a lot of mucus is produce. The smell receptors are surrounded by this thick layer of mucus and vary little of chemical vapor gets to the smell receptors. Therefore, the smell receptors do not get stimulated enough to effectively function as a sensory organ of smell. 6. The sensitivity of the nose towards stimuli is influenced by the following factors: PMR 05 i. The strength of the smell. A stronger smell will be detected by the nose easily compared with a weaker smell. ii. The presence of mucus in the nose. A lot of mucus will reduce the sensitivity of the nose. Science Form 2 note 2012 Quick check 1. 3 1. Where are the smells receptors found? he top of t he nasal cavity 2. Explain why when we have cold or flu , the nose cannot function effectively as a sensory organ of smell The sensitive receptor cells covered with mucus block the chemical substances from stimulating the smell receptors. THE SENSE OF TASTE http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/taste. htm draw figure 1. 10, page 11 1. The tongue is the sensory organ for taste. 2. The surface of the tongue has groups of cells known as taste buds which are sensitive to taste. . There are four types of taste buds on the tongue sensitive to sweet , bitter, sour and salty. PMR 03 4. The tongue detects taste in the following way: Dissolved substance taste receptors message brain type of taste 5. The sense of smell helps the sense of taste . This explains why food dose not taste appetizing when we have a cold or flu because we cannot smell effectively Figure 1. 8 Structure of the human tongue and the areas of taste on the tongue Science Form 2 note 2012 The Sense of Taste and the Sense of Smell Go to www. brainpop. om/health/senses/taste/ Watch a short movie on taste and try a quiz about taste.. For easy access, go to www. icd. com. my 1. All our sense work together:- sense of smell and taste are special partner 2. When we eat, our tongue gives us the taste and our nose smell of the food. THE SENSES OF HEARING http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/hear. htm 1. The ear is the sense organ that is sensitive to sound stimuli produced by vibrating object. 2. A human ear has three main part. i. the outer ear, filled with air. ii. The middle ear, filled with air. iii. The inner ear, filled with liquid Draw figure 1. 15, page 14 3. Function of the different parts of the human ear. Salin table 1. 4, page 15 Science Form 2 note 2012 The Hearing Mechanism Lukis/Photostat figure 1. 16 m/s 15 FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE HUMAN EAR Part function OUTER EAR Pinna collects and directs sound waves into the ear canal. ear canal / auditory canal transmits sound waves to the eardrum. Eardrum vibrates and transmits sound waves to the ossicles. MIDDLE EAR Ossicles intensify the vibrations of the sound waves by 22 times before transmitting to the oval window. Eustachian tube balances the air pressure at both side of the eardrum. val window transmits sound vibrations from the middle ear to the inner ear. INNER EAR Cochlea transforms sound vibrations into impulses. semicircular canals balance the body position. auditory nerves send messages to the brain which interprets the messages as sound. Limitations of hearing. 1. We cannot hear all the sounds around us. 2. The range of frequencies of hearing in man is 20 Hz until 20 000 Hz. The following table shows the range of frequencies of hearing of several animals: ANIMAL RANGE of FREQUENCIES snake 100-800Hz frog 50-10 000Hz dog 10-50 000Hz cat 60-60 000Hz bat 1000-120 000Hz grasshopper 100-15 000Hz hale 10-50Hz Science Form 2 note 2012 3. Different people have different limitations of hearing. 4. For example, old people generally cannot hear as well as young people. 5. Our ear drum become less sensitive to sound as we grow older. 6. To overcome the limitations of hearing, we use i. the stethoscope – enables doctor to detect the soft heartbeats of patients. ii. hearing aids – collects sound signals before being sent to the middle ear. iii. amplifier – boosts weak sound signals. Stereophonic hearing Go to : http://www. wardless. co. uk/hearing aids/twoEarsBetter. html Find out more about stereophonic hearing from this website or other websites. . For easy access, go to www. icd. com. my 1. Stereophonic hearing is hearing using both ea rs. 2. The advantages of stereophonic hearing: i. enables the direction of the source of hearing to be detected more accurately. ii. This is because the ear nearer the source of sound receives sound louder and earlier than the other ear. iii. Animals that have stereophonic sound can detect the presence of preys and predators more quickly. Properties of sound (see page 16 science volume 1) 1. The transfer of sound requires a medium. 2. ound can transferred through; b. solids c. liquids d. gases e. cannot be transferred through in vacuum. 3. Sound can be transferred fastest in solids and slowest in gases. 4. This is because the particles in solids and liquids are closer each other compared to the molecules in gases. 5. Vacuum is space that does not have any particles. Science Form 2 note 2012 6. Speed of sound transferred in various media. MEDIUM SPEED of SOUND (m/s) Air 340 Water 1500 Wood 3600 Iron 5000 Steel 6000 Reflection and absorption of sound 1. Sound can be reflected or absor bed by the surface of an object. . The sound reflected repeatedly from one surface is known as echo. 3. Surfaces that are smooth, even and hard are good sound reflectors and produce loud echo. For examples, concrete, plank, metal and mirror 4. Surfaces that are rough, hollow and soft are good sound absorbers and produce weak echo. For examples cloth, sponge, cork, rubber, carpet and cushion. SENSE OF SIGHT http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/see. htm 1. The sense of sight is the sense that can detect light stimulus. 2. Structure of the human eye: PMR 04 i. the sclera (outermost) ii. the choroids (middle) and iii. the retina (innermost) ukis rajah m/s 22 3. The function of each part of the eye. Pelajar diminta mencari maklumat ini (isi maklumat seperti jadual dibawah) Science Form 2 note 2012 part Structure / characteristic function sclera cornea choroids conjunctiva iris pupil Lens PMR 04 Transparent and elastic convex lens Refracts and focuses light onto the retina. ciliary muscle s upportive ligament vitreous humour aqueous humour retina optic nerve Mechanism of Sight PMR 03, 07 1. The lens in the human eye is a transparent convex lens. 2. An inverted image is focused on the retina. 3. Light rays are refracted by the eye lens. The eye lens focuses the image onto the retina by changing the thickness of the eye lens. The thickness of the lens is changed by the ciliary muscles. i. Focusing near objects To focus near objects onto the retina, the ciliary muscles contract. The eye lens become thicker. ii. focusing distant object. To focus distant objects onto the retina, the ciliary muscles relax. The eye lens becomes thinner. draw figure `How do we see’ m/s 23 Light and sight 1. Light is a form of energy. 2.. light travels at a speed of ; i. 300,000,000 meter/second (m/s) in the air. ii. 25,000,000 m/s in water iii. 200,000,000 m/s in glass 3. Light travels in a straight lines. Science Form 2 note 2012 Reflection of light. http://www. phys. ufl. edu/- delamater/optics_pictures. pdf#search=`what%20is%20incident%20and%20ref lected%20ray’ 1. Light can be reflected. (that’s mean change direction) 2. When the reflected light rays enter our eyes, we can s ee the object. 3. The image in a plane mirror is, i. virtual (cannot be formed on a screen) ii. upright iii. laterally inverted iv. the same size as the object v. the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in mirror. Refraction of light. PMR 03, 05 1. Refraction of light is the bending of light. This happens when light travels from one transparent medium to another which is of a different density. 2. The speed of light decrease when light enters a denser medium. 3. Light travels through media like air, water and glass. draw figure 1. 27 page 24 Experiment page 25. LAPORAN PEKA 1 Various defect of vision. PMR 03, 06, 07 http://www. chemsoc. org/exemplarchem/entries/2002/upton/defects_of_the _eye. htm 1. Two common vision defects are long-sightedness (hypermetropia) and short-sightedness (myopia). Science Form 2 note 2012 2. Comparison between long-sightedness and short-sightedness. `Comparison between long-sightedness and short-sightedness’ Short-sightedness Differences Long-sightedness 1. Symptoms of defect. 1. 2. Causes of defect 1. Position of image of object Lihat power point Diagram Science Form 2 note 2012 Correction method 3. Astigmatism is another vision defect. i. Its caused by the cornea and the eye lens that are not evenly curved. ii. As a result, the image formed on the retina is distorted and not clear (hazy/blurred). ii. This defect can be overcome by wearing glasses with cylindrical lenses or contact lens or by surgery. 4. Optical illusion. http://www. michaelbach. de/ot/ http://www. indianchild. com/3d%20mainpage. htm i. Optical illusion occurs when the brain cannot interpret impulses received properly. ii. Examples of optical illusion. draw figure 1. 41 page 30 5. Blind spot i. The blind spot is a spot on the retina of the eye that cannot detect light stimulus. ii. The image of the object formed at the blind spot cannot be seen by the eye because there are no light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors) at the blind spot. Experiment seperti ms 29 Monocular and stereoscopic vision. http://nzphoto. tripod. com/sterea/3dvision. htm Science Form 2 note 2012 1. The stereoscopic vision is vision using both eyes. 2. The overlapping area of the vision of both the left and right eyes is called stereoscopic field 3. Advantages of stereoscopic vision. a. See three-dimensional pictures of objects. b. Enables more accurate estimation of distance and position. c. Animal predators normally have stereoscopis vision so better estimate the distance when getting to pounce on their prey. draw figure 1. 3 page 31 4. Monocular vision is a vision using only one eye. 5. The advantage of monocular vision is having a wide vision field. 6. Its disadvantage is that it cannot estimate distance accurately. 7. Animal preys use monocular vision to detect predators coming from all direction. draw figure 1. 42 page 30 Appropriate devices to overcome the limitations of sight Go to www. google. com. Type LASIK or PRK . you can get more information about the latest technologies to correct the different types of defects of vision. 1. Optical devices are invented to increase the ability to see minute or very distant objects. INSTRUMENT FUNCTION Microscope To see minute objects such as microorganisms and bacteria. Telescope to see far-off objects such as stars and planets. Binocular to see tiny distant objects such as birds in the sky. Magnifying to magnify tiny objects to become glass larger than original. Science Form 2 note 2012 STIMULI AND RESPONSE IN PLANTS. Go to www. emc. maricopa. edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Biobook TOC. html Click on `24 plant hormones and nutrition’ then `plants respond to external stimuli’.. For easy access, go to www. icd. com. my . Movements of any plant parts towards stimuli are known as tropic movement or tropism. 2. Type of tropism: a. Growth of plant part towards an external stimulus is known as positive tropism. b. Growth away from an external stimulus is known as negative tropism. 3. Tropism responses in plants include: a. Phototropism PMR 03, 08 b. Geotropism PMR 06 c. Hydrotropism PMR 03, 08 d. Thigmotropism – move towards – to obtain support e. Nastic movement – move run away – Salin nota sendiri dari buku teks m/s 33, 34, 35 masukkan gambar rajah sekali †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. tammat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ How to cite Holiday Trip, Papers

UE Writing free essay sample

2010 Your school is running a campaign to Ocean Park has decided to run an essay Your school has decided to confine all ‘Overcrowding can seriously damage promote the idea ‘Education needs to be competition entitled ‘Animals students to the school grounds at lunch the quality life in a community. † Write more creative’. Students have time. Students will not be allowed to go an essay discussing this claim with Ambassadors’. There are two been invited to propose a programme or categories from which the ambassadors home or eat out and may only have reference to the living conditions of an activity which encourages creativity. can be chosen: domestic pets (such as lunch supplied by the school caterer. As Hong Kong people. Provide a suitable You have gathered opinions on the idea dogs, cats and tropical fish), and exotic President of your Students’ from your teachers and classmates. animals (such as crocodiles, pandas and Association, write a letter to your Write an article for your school title for the essay. snakes). Choose two animals, one from school principal protesting against the magazine proposing a programme or an each category, and with reference to new rule. Provide three reasons why activity, explaining its key elements their characteristics and the way that you and your fellow students oppose and identifying its benefits. people view them, write an essay this plan. Provide a suitable title for the article. explaining why these two animals are suitable to hold the post of animal ambassadors. Provide an appropriate title for your essay. 2009 Your school has voted a celebrity artist Some people have criticized movie Students and parents from your A large number of candidates or athlete Person of the Year for 2008. stars for staging extravagant weddings school have raised a large sum of from different schools recently You are a reporter for the school which cost far more than most couples money for Chinas development. The entered the Ten Model Students magazine. You have interviewed the would spend. Critics believe that such school principal is now asking students competition organised by a local winner. Write an article for the school weddings could be just as beautiful and for their opionios as to which one of the newspaper. However, there were magazine showing how his or her memorable if some of the millions of following two initiatives in China only six winners, all of whom were experience of failure before finally dollars spent were donated to charity should receive the money: 1) further female students. The criteria on which succeeding might inspire the personal instead. Write a letter to the editor of thespace exploration or 2) basic healthcare the candidates were judged included development of students. Give your Hong Kong Post stating your views on and education in rural areas. Write a academic performance, leadership article an appropriate heading. this issue and giving reasons for them. letter to the Principal stating which skills, use of language to express initiative should receive the donation themselves, and knowledge of the and why it should not be given to the world. To what extent would you agree other. that male students in Hong Kong generally lack the qualities that would fit them for the title of model student? Write an essay justifying your views and give it a suitable title. 2008 Write an essay to share your view on balancing the freedom to expressing Write a letter suggesting 2 stimulating Write an article for school magazine questions to be discussed by 3 Write a letter to the editor expressing sharing your view and commenting on your view on who should be oneself VS protecting others privacy on professionals in a school assembly the results of a survey assessing responsible for heavy school bags of the internet. (Expository essay) concerning Shaping Hong Kong. students self-esteem. (Expository most HK students. (Letter to editor. (Formal letter. Expository) article) Expository) 2 007 Write a letter to SPAC. concerning Pet Article for school Magazine sharing 2 Article to argue whether teen idols Write a letter to HK Post about how a abuse and suggest measures to ensure unique factures of Chinese culture after getting married may affect their criminal gang tricked old people and Pet welfare. joining an exchange programe what your Owners Association has (Formal letter, expository) (Expository essay) popularity. (Controversial essay) done to avoid similar incidents. (Letter to the editor, expository) 2006 Support or disprove whether Korean Article for school newspaper describing Letter to Editor commenting Article for school newspaper offering Culture and products have taken over arguments on whether school tuck shop downloading entertainment from the advice on safety measures when hiking HK market. (Controversial essay) in remote areas. (Expository essay) internet. (Letter to the editor, (Discussion essay) 2005 Letter to Principal explaining how a should stop selling Junk food. expository) Article in school newspaper expressing Present survey findings of Mainland Letter to editor questioning the quality fight arose and seeking his leniency in views on the benefits and drawbacks of tourists impressions of H. K. and H. K. of Radio programme hosts in punishing the students concerned. early admission to university. (Formal letter, expository) (Discussional essay) letter, controversial) Write an article outlining 3 reasons to Advise a friend to start a career as a Write an article for school newspaper serve either poor elderly people or sharing the main ideas of a seminar on 2004 Write a letter to the principal, Summarizing different views for and people. (Report, expository) police cadet instead of a singer. counselling Youths on air. (Forma! against spending a donation on MMLC primary school children newly arrived (Controversial writing in form of an slimming and health. (Expository eassy or NET and making appropriate in form of a report) from the mainland. (Controversial recommendation. (Discussional writing essay) informal letter) in form of a letter proposal) 2003 State whether it is right for a country to Argue whether Music, art and literature Write an article to school newspaper fight a war? (Controversial essay) Letter to the Editor discussing whether are valuable than science and stating your choice between living in a local degree is better or worse than an technology. (Controversial essay) H. K. or in another part of the world. oversea one. (Discussional essay) (Persuasive writing) 2002 Write an article listing 3 suggestions to Write an article either for or against Explain why HK films and stars gain State your choice of having children or improve family life (Expository and whether Internet can replace traditional popularity of the world (Expository not proposal) schools or not (Controversial essay) (Controversial essay) 2001 Article for school newspaper, essay) Argue whether Christmas should not be Discuss the positive and Negative Suggest 3 ways to promote discussing the seriousness of the celebrated in China because it is a multicultural understanding and racial problem of bulling in schools and foreign custom. (Controversial essay) marriage (Discussional essay) aspects of living together before propose 3 solutions (Expository essay) 2000 Suggest 3 ways students use English outside school (Expository essay) harmony in H. K. (Letter to the editor, expository) Mobile telephone is most annoying, Comment on whether graduates should Letter to principal suggesting 3 ways to unnecessary and time-wasting device work one year before entering improve the quality of education in (Controversial essay) school (Letter proposal) university (Discussional essay) 1999 Suggest how young people can help to A university education is not essential Universitys admission not only based Persuade a friend to see a particular promote international understanding for success. (Controversial essay) and world peace. (Expository essay) 1998 Suggestions of improving tourism in on ones academic performance. play or film. (Informal letter) (Discussional article) Tutorial centre (Discussional essay) H. K. (Letter proposal, expository) Should pager be allowed to be used in Whether computer is best to be studied school (Controversial essay) in school or at home (Controversial essay) 1997 Poverty in the world (Discussional English names (Controversial article) Sports Club Promotion (Letter to essay) 1996 New Town (Letter to the editor) Overseas Holiday (Article to Sch chairperson) newspaper) Diet and fitness of youths (Article to Proposed As-Level subjects Big Brother Scheme school newspaper) (Discussional essay) (Letter proposal, expository)